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We provide comprehensive tax consulting for Dubai and the Gulf States.
Tax Exemption in Dubai
Dubai as a tax-free environment for individuals and entrepreneurs: identifying opportunities, avoiding tax repercussions
Tax Consulting Dubai – The United Arab Emirates (UAE) have long been considered an attractive tax environment for individuals and companies – and for good reason. In Dubai, natural persons are not subject to income tax, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, or withholding tax on dividends, interest, and royalties. Corporate profits also remain tax-free up to an amount of AED 375,000 per year (approx. EUR 94,000); beyond that, a moderate corporate tax rate of only 9% applies.
A crucial aspect is the official determination of tax residency in Dubai. For the UAE to be recognized as a new tax residence, certain requirements must be met. These include, among others, a valid residence visa, a residential address in the country, regular local presence, and – for entrepreneurs – actual economic presence, such as through business premises, local staff, or active management.
At the same time, it is essential to avoid tax repercussions from the previous state of residence – particularly from Germany. Only if the unlimited tax liability in Germany has been effectively terminated and no extended limited tax liability according to § 2 AStG exists, can the tax exemption in the UAE be utilized to its full extent.
Since the expiration of the Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) between Germany and the UAE at the end of 2021, special caution is required: Germany can continue to tax certain income – even if the residence has been officially relocated to Dubai.
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- Continued residence or power of disposal over a home in Germany
- Economic interests such as real estate, management positions, or shareholdings
- Flawed or retroactively vulnerable contractual arrangements
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- Review and establishment of tax residency in Dubai
- Development of legally secure residential and corporate structures
- Avoidance of tax repercussions in Germany and other states
- Tax optimization of capital gains, gifts, and ongoing income
- Ongoing support and adjustment in case of changes in the legal situation
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Classification of Free Zone and Mainland companies under UAE corporate tax law, registration & obligations.
Exit Taxation – Avoid burdens, protect assets
The so-called exit taxation (§ 6 AStG) represents one of the central tax hurdles when leaving Germany – especially for entrepreneurs and shareholders of corporations. Anyone who relocates their tax residence abroad and holds a substantial interest in a corporation (at least 1% within the last five years) must, under certain conditions, pay tax on the hidden reserves of this interest – as if the interest had actually been sold. This is a fictitious capital gains tax that does not generate liquidity but can trigger significant tax burdens.
Nevertheless, there are effective strategies: Exit taxation can – with timely planning – be avoided, deferred, or significantly reduced. Dr. Lang Emirates Consulting develops legally secure, tax-vetted structuring models for you, allowing you to protect your assets while maintaining your international freedom of action.
Our Tax Consulting Strategies for Dubai & the Gulf States to Minimize Exit Tax
Early structuring of the corporate setup in the UAE
Through the targeted establishment of an operating holding company in Dubai (e.g., LLC), participations can be held in a legally secure manner while simultaneously benefiting from the local tax exemption. A correctly structured Dubai holding can receive income – such as dividends from a German GmbH – almost tax-free. The advantage: In Dubai, no additional tax is levied on dividends or capital gains.
Utilization of the participation exemption (§ 8b KStG)
Distributions from a German corporation to a foreign holding company are generally taxable. However, if German tax law is complied with, 95% of this income is tax-exempt; only a flat corporate tax on 5% remains (approx. 1.5%). Through a legally secure holding structure, significant tax advantages can be realized.
Application for deferral or waiver of exit taxation
Under certain conditions, an application for deferral can be submitted, currently possible for relocation to EU/EEA states. For relocations to third countries like Dubai, additional requirements must be met, e.g., security deposits or disposal bans.
Transfer of participations before relocation
Documentation
Without genuine economic presence in the UAE, there is a risk of being accused of a sham residence. Therefore, it is all the more important to document all assets and liabilities cleanly and in a structured manner and to pass them on to the responsible authorities.
Avoiding repercussions
Particular caution is required with participations and licensing structures: If the relocation is later classified as tax-ineffective, retroactive tax claims may arise.
International Structuring of Income and Participations
Correctly establishing and utilizing foreign participations
If you hold interests in companies at home and abroad, choosing the right legal form for the participation holding is crucial for your taxation. In Dubai, for example, you can set up an LLC as a holding structure, which not only benefits from low corporate tax (9% from approx. EUR 100,000 profit) but also receives tax-free dividends in Dubai.
If this holding is established correctly and meets the substance requirements of the UAE, significant advantages arise:
- Distributions from German GmbHs to a Dubai LLC can be forwarded almost tax-free (only approx. 1.5% flat tax according to § 8b KStG)
- In Dubai, no additional tax is levied on capital gains, neither on dividends nor on disposal gains
- The holding can serve as a central hub for international investments
We work with you to develop a participation structure that is compliant with both German and international tax law while concentrating your profits where they are taxed the least.
Geographically optimizing income
Whether consulting fees, license income, or investment returns: with the right planning, income can be split between several countries without violating tax regulations. The key lies in genuine local entrepreneurial substance.
In Dubai, this means, for example:
- Own office space, ideally in one of the renowned Free Zones
- Local staff or management
- A business activity that is economically plausible and documentable
In this way, you create a structure that is not only tax-effective but also resilient against tax authorities – and simultaneously strengthens your international standing.
Using license and service agreements correctly
Especially for internationally active entrepreneurs, it is common to transfer licenses, trademark rights, or services within their own corporate group. With clever contractual design, you can ensure this income arises where the tax burden is lowest.
The following points are crucial:
- Contracts must comply with the arm’s length principle, meaning they must be calculated realistically and at market rates
- The granting of rights should be for an indefinite period to avoid withholding tax obligations (e.g., in Germany according to § 50a EStG)
- It should be clear which company assumes which function (e.g., development, administration, exploitation)
We not only support you in drafting these contracts but also ensure the correct tax recording in all affected countries.
More freedom through international separation of functions
The more international your business activity, the more important the separation of economic functions becomes: production in one country, sales in another, administration and IP rights in a third.
The result is not only tax-attractive; it also allows you to:
- Clearly delineate risks
- Direct profits specifically to where they can be best utilized
- Scale or sell individual business areas independently of each other if necessary
Our task is to build these structures in a legally secure manner – tailored to your industry, your markets, and your personal goals.
Double Taxation Agreements (DTA)
Application and interpretation of the DTA between Germany and the UAE – with a focus on avoiding economic double taxation.
No Double Taxation Agreement
Since December 31, 2021, there is no longer a Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) between Germany and the UAE. This means: Germany can continue to access certain income even if you have long since emigrated. Particularly affected are capital gains, managing director salaries, rental income, or income from participations.
We help you make optimal use of the existing double taxation agreements – so that your income is not taxed more than necessary.
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- Avoidance of withholding tax on license or consulting fees, e.g., through indefinite transfers of rights
- Avoidance of extended limited tax liability if you continue to have domestic income or economic interests
- Structuring of participation ratios and contract contents in accordance with German regulations
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Unlike Germany, Austria has an active Double Taxation Agreement with the UAE, covering many types of income such as dividends, interest, licenses, and corporate profits. Thus, double taxation is largely avoidable here.
For you, this means:
- Income is generally taxed in only one of the two countries
- Corporate profits, dividends, interest, and license payments are clearly regulated and usually privileged
- The treaty rules reliably protect you from double taxation
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Switzerland also maintains a modern Double Taxation Agreement with the United Arab Emirates, which is closely based on the OECD Model Tax Convention. This effectively protects you from double taxation. However, this requires precise knowledge of the details:
- Many types of income, especially from entrepreneurial activity, are tax-free in Dubai and are exempt from taxation in Switzerland
- At the same time, the progression clause often applies – tax-free income increases the tax rate on other taxable income
- The 183-day rule is decisive for determining residency
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
Ja – für Privatpersonen gibt es in Dubai keine Einkommensteuer, keine Kapitalertragsteuer, keine Erbschaftsteuer und keine Quellensteuer. Für Unternehmen gilt ein Körperschaftsteuersatz von 0 % bis 375.000 AED Gewinn und 9 % darüber hinaus.
Sie benötigen:
- Eine gültige Residence Visa
- Eine lokale Adresse
- Einen regelmäßigen Aufenthalt in Dubai
- Unternehmenssubstanz, falls Sie ein Business betreiben (z. B. Büroräume, Mitarbeiter)
Die Steuerfreiheit greift nur, wenn die unbeschränkte Steuerpflicht in Deutschland wirksam beendet wurde. Besonders risikobehaftet:
- Wohnsitz oder Schlüsselgewalt in DE
- Beteiligungen, Immobilien oder Geschäftsführertätigkeit in DE
- Fehlerhafte Vertragsgestaltung mit Rückwirkung
Sobald Sie keinen Wohnsitz und gewöhnlichen Aufenthalt mehr in Deutschland haben, kann die unbeschränkte Steuerpflicht enden – Belege und eine Abmeldung sind entscheidend.
Diese greift auch nach dem Wegzug, wenn Sie noch wesentliche wirtschaftliche Interessen in Deutschland halten – z. B. durch bedeutende Beteiligungen, Immobilien oder Geschäftsführertätigkeit.
Beide Länder haben ein aktives DBA mit den VAE:
- Einkünfte werden regelmäßig nur in einem Staat besteuert
- Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung bei Dividenden, Zinsen, Lizenzen etc.
- In der Schweiz: Progressionsvorbehalt beachten
In Dubai sind diese grundsätzlich steuerfrei. In Deutschland können jedoch Rückgriffe erfolgen, wenn Verträge oder Wohnsitzverhältnisse fehlerhaft gestaltet sind.
Beim Wegzug müssen stille Reserven in wesentlichen Beteiligungen (ab 1 %) versteuert werden – auch ohne Verkauf. Eine fiktive Steuer auf künftige Gewinne.
- Strukturierung über Dubai-Holding
- Nutzung des Schachtelprivilegs (§ 8b KStG)
- Beteiligungsübertragung vor dem Wegzug
- Stundungsantrag (unter Auflagen, v. a. bei Drittstaaten)
- Vermeidung rückwirkender Gestaltungen
Ja – seit Juni 2023. Die Sätze:
- 0 % bis 375.000 AED Gewinn
- 9 % ab 375.001 AED
- 15 % für Großkonzerne mit >750 Mio. EUR Umsatz (OECD-Mindeststeuer)
Ja – sofern reale Substanz besteht (Büros, Personal, operative Tätigkeit). Ohne Substanz droht Verlust der Steuerprivilegien.
- Unbefristete Rechteübertragungen vermeiden Quellensteuer
- Fremdvergleichsgrundsatz bei Lizenz- und Dienstleistungsverträgen einhalten
- Eindeutige Funktions- und Risikozuordnung
Ja – doppelte Buchführung nach IFRS oder lokal anerkannten Standards ist Pflicht. Auch Steuererklärungen und Archivierung sind gesetzlich vorgeschrieben.
Der reguläre VAT-Satz beträgt 5 %. Unternehmen ab 375.000 AED Umsatz pro Jahr müssen sich registrieren. Grenzüberschreitende Leistungen unterliegen oft speziellen Regelungen (z. B. Reverse-Charge).
- Dividenden deutscher GmbHs können zu 95 % steuerfrei vereinnahmt werden
- Keine Kapitalertragsteuer in Dubai
- Internationale Steueroptimierung durch Lizenzmodelle & Dienstleistungsverträge
Gewinne aus Beteiligungen sind zu 95 % steuerfrei bei deutschen Kapitalgesellschaften – verbleibende 5 % unterliegen der Körperschaftsteuer (ca. 1,5 %).
- Eigenes Büro in Dubai (idealerweise Free Zone)
- Lokale Geschäftsführung oder Mitarbeiter
- Dokumentierte Geschäftstätigkeit
Nein – seit 31.12.2021 nicht mehr. Das heißt: Deutschland kann weiterhin auf bestimmte Einkünfte zugreifen (z. B. Kapitalerträge, Geschäftsführervergütungen).
Schedule your free initial consultation now
and find out how Dr. Lang Emirates can support you with the topic of inheritance law in the Emirates & the Gulf States.
